ISSN: 2471-9315
Emmanuel D. Alabi*, Binta L. Bindawa, Ignatius Mzungu, Ayodele T. Adesoji
Background: Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria (ARB) are a global problem. Patients and hospital environments can be sources for dissemination of ARB that are Multi-drug Resistant (MDR).
Methods: Therefore, we characterized MDR bacteria from clinical and hospital environmental samples from selected hospitals within Katsina state, Nigeria. A total of 203 bacteria were isolated from 420 samples (clinical=220 and hospital environment=200). Bacteria preliminary identification and antibiogram were determined by biochemical tests and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, respectively. MDR bacteria were selected based on resistance to ≥ 3 different classes of antibiotics.
Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated bacteria from clinical samples; i.e., infected surgical incisions (23.58%) and infected trauma wounds (20.75%) and hospital environmental samples; i.e., door handles (32.98%) and desks (14.43%). Highest resistance (92.79%) to both ampicillin and gentamycin was observed among hospital environmental isolates. Clinical isolates showed highest (80.19%) resistance to cefoxitin. MDR bacteria exhibited 12 antibiotics resistance patterns and the most common (20/50) resistance phenotypes among MDR clinical isolates was to amoxiclav, cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin while resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, colistin sulphate, kanamycin and nalidixic acid was commonly (10/50) observed among hospital environmental isolates. Vitek-2-system further detected and characterized Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae spp. dissolvens, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as MDR isolates with the highest resistance phenotypes.
Conclusions: High occurrence of MDR bacteria in the studied locations portend a great public health consequence and may be disseminated to immunocompromised patients, healthcare workers and the environment. Hence, there is need for concerted AMR surveillance in the study locations.